1. Accounting: The process of recording and reporting financial transactions.
2. Accounts payable: Money owed by a business to its suppliers or creditors.
3. Accounts receivable: Money owed to a business by its customers for goods or services provided.
4. Accrual accounting: A method of accounting in which revenue and expenses are recorded when they are earned or incurred, regardless of when payment is received or made.
5. Amortization: The process of spreading the cost of an asset over its useful life.
6. Annual percentage rate (APR): The annual cost of borrowing, expressed as a percentage of the total amount borrowed.
7. Asset: Anything of value that a company or individual owns, such as cash, property, or equipment.
8. Balance sheet: A financial statement that shows a company’s assets, liabilities, and equity at a particular time.
9. Bankruptcy: A legal process that allows individuals or businesses to declare their inability to pay their debts.
10. Bond: A debt security issued by a company or government that promises to pay the holder a fixed amount of interest over a set period.
11. Broker: A person or company that buys and sells securities on behalf of clients.
12. Budget: A financial plan that outlines projected income and expenses over a set time.
13. Capital: The funds that a business uses to finance its operations.
14. Cash flow: The amount of cash generated or used by a business over a set period.
15. Collateral: An asset that is pledged as security for a loan.
16. Commission: A fee paid to a salesperson for making a sale or completing a transaction.
17. Cost of goods sold (COGS): The direct costs associated with producing or selling a product.
18. Credit: An agreement in which a borrower receives something of value in exchange for a promise to repay the lender.
19. Credit rating: A measure of a borrower’s creditworthiness, used by lenders to determine the interest rate and terms of a loan.
20. Credit report: A record of a person’s credit history, used by lenders to evaluate creditworthiness.
21. Credit score: A numerical representation of a person’s creditworthiness, based on their credit history.
22. Debt: Money owed by a borrower to a lender.
23. Default: A failure to repay a debt as agreed.
24. Depreciation: The process of spreading the cost of a long-term asset over its useful life.
25. Dividend: A distribution of a portion of a company’s profits to its shareholders.
26. Earned income: Income received from work or services performed.
27. Earnings per share (EPS): The amount of a company’s profit allocated to each outstanding share of common stock.
28. Equity: The value of a company’s assets minus its liabilities.
29. Exchange rate: The value of one currency in relation to another.
30. Expense: A cost incurred in the course of doing business.
31. Financial statements: Reports that provide information about a company’s financial position and performance.
32. Fixed assets: Long-term assets that are used in the operations of a business, such as property, plant, and equipment.
33. Gross profit: The difference between a company’s revenue and the cost of goods sold.
34. Income statement: A financial statement that shows a company’s revenues, expenses, and net income over a set period of time.
35. Inflation: The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising.
36. Interest: The cost of borrowing money.
37. Inventory: The goods that a business has on hand for sale or use in the production of goods or services.
38. Invoice: A document that itemizes a sale
39. Journal entry: A record of a financial transaction in an accounting system.
40. Leverage: The use of borrowed funds to increase the potential return on an investment.
41. Liabilities: Debts owed by a business or individual.
42. Liquidity: The ability of an asset to be easily converted to cash.
43. Loan: A sum of money borrowed and repaid with interest.
44. Long-term debt: Debt that is due for repayment more than one year in the future.
45. Margin: The amount of money that a trader must deposit to enter into a position in the financial markets.
46. Marketable securities: Financial instruments that can be easily bought or sold in the markets, such as stocks or bonds.
47. Maturity: The date on which a debt or investment becomes due for repayment.
48. Mutual fund: A pool of money from multiple investors that is managed by a professional investment manager.
49. Net income: The amount of profit or loss a company earns after all expenses are deducted from its revenue.
50. Operating expenses: The costs of running a business, such as rent, utilities, and salaries.
51. Operating income: A company’s income from its core operations, before interest and taxes.
52. Option: A financial contract that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an asset at a set price before a specified date.
53. Overhead: The indirect costs of running a business, such as administrative expenses and office supplies.
54. Payroll: The total amount of wages and salaries paid by a business to its employees.
55. Profit and loss statement: A financial statement that shows a company’s revenues, expenses, and net profit or loss over a set period of time.
56. Profit margin: The percentage of a company’s revenue that is left over after all expenses are paid.
57. Proxy: A person or entity authorized to act on behalf of another person or entity.
58. Public company: A company that has issued shares of stock to the public and is required to file financial reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
59. Quick ratio: A measure of a company’s ability to meet its short-term obligations using its most liquid assets.
60. Ratio analysis: The use of financial ratios to analyze a company’s financial performance..
61. Real estate: Property consisting of land and the buildings on it.
62. Recession: A period of economic decline, typically marked by a decrease in Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
63. Return on investment (ROI): The amount of profit or loss earned on an investment relative to the amount invested.
64. Revenue: The income earned by a company from its operations.
65. Securities: Financial instruments that represent ownership or debt in a company, such as stocks or bonds.
66. Shareholder: An individual or entity that owns shares of stock in a company.
67. Sole proprietorship: A type of business in which one person owns and operates the company.
68. Stock: A share in the ownership of a company.
69. Stock exchange: A marketplace where stocks and other securities are bought and sold.
70. Stock option: A financial contract that gives the holder the right to buy or sell a share of stock at a set price before a specified date.
71. Stock split: A corporate action in which a company increases the number of its outstanding shares, while decreasing the price per share.
72. Tax: A compulsory payment made to the government to support public services and programs.
73. Time value of money: The idea that money received today is worth more than money received in the future, due to the potential for investment and earning interest.
74. Trade deficit: The amount by which a country’s imports exceed its exports.Trade surplus
75. Trading: The buying and selling of financial instruments such as stocks, bonds, or options.
76. Treasury stock: Shares of a company’s own stock that have been repurchased by the company and are held in its treasury.
77. Underwriter: A person or company that guarantees the sale of securities to the public.
78. Unsecured debt: Debt that is not backed by collateral, such as a mortgage or car loan.
79. Venture capital: Funding provided to startup companies by investors who are willing to take on higher risk in exchange for a potential high return on investment.
80. Volatility: A measure of how much a financial instrument’s price fluctuates over time.
81. Yield: The return on an investment, expressed as a percentage of the original investment.
82. Yield curve: A graphical representation of the relationship between interest rates and the maturity of bonds.
83. Zero-coupon bond: A bond that does not pay interest but is sold at a discount to its face value, with the difference representing the return to the investor.
84. Accounting period: The period of time over which a company’s financial transactions are recorded.
85. Accounts payable: The amounts owed by a company to its creditors for goods or services purchased on credit.
86. Accounts receivable: The amounts owed to a company by its customers for goods or services sold on credit.
87. Accrual accounting: A method of accounting in which income and expenses are recorded when they are earned or incurred, regardless of when cash is received or paid.
88. Amortization: The process of spreading the cost of an asset over its useful life.
89. Annual report: A comprehensive report issued by a public company to its shareholders, containing financial and other information about the company’s operations and performance.
90. Asset: Something of value owned by a business or individual, such as cash, property, or investments.
91. Balance sheet: A financial statement that shows a company’s assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific point in time.
92. Bankruptcy: A legal process in which a person or business declares its inability to pay its debts.
93. Basis point: One hundredth of one percent (0.01%).
94. Bear market: A market in which prices of securities are falling.
95. Bid-ask spread: The difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay for a security and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept.
96. Blue chip stock: Stock in a large, well-established company with a reputation for stability and reliability.
97. Book value: The value of a company’s assets minus its liabilities, as recorded on its balance sheet.
98. Broker: A person or firm that acts as an intermediary between buyers and sellers in financial markets.
99. Bull market: A market in which prices of securities are rising.
100. Business cycle: The natural fluctuation of economic activity over time, typically characterized by periods of expansion and contraction.
101. Call option: A financial contract that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy an asset at a set price before a specified date.
102. Capital: Money or other assets that are invested in a business to generate income or growth.
103. Capital gain: The profit earned from the sale of a capital asset, such as a stock or real estate.
104. Capital loss: The loss incurred from the sale of a capital asset, such as a stock or real estate.
105. Cash flow: The amount of cash a company generates from its operations, investing activities, and financing activities.
106. Certificate of deposit (CD): A savings product offered by banks and other financial institutions, in which the depositor agrees to leave the funds on deposit for a specified period of time in exchange for a higher.
107. Collateral: An asset pledged by a borrower to secure a loan, such as a house or car.
108. Commercial paper: Short-term debt issued by corporations to finance their operations.
109. Commodities: Raw materials or primary products that can be bought and sold, such as oil, gold, or wheat.
110. Compound interest: Interest that is calculated not only on the principal amount of a loan or investment, but also on any accumulated interest.
111. Corporate bond: A debt security issued by a corporation.
112. Cost of capital: The rate of return a company must earn on its investments in order to meet its cost of financing.
113. Credit rating: An assessment of the creditworthiness of a borrower, based on their credit history and other factors.
114. Credit risk: The risk that a borrower will default on a loan or other debt obligation.
115. Currency: The medium of exchange used in a particular country or region, such as dollars or euros.
116. Debt: Money owed by one party to another.
117. Default: Failure to meet the terms of a loan or other debt obligation.
118. Deflation: A decrease in the general price level of goods and services in an economy.
119. Derivative: A financial contract whose value is based on the value of an underlying asset or group of assets.
120. Dividend: A payment made by a corporation to its shareholders, usually in the form of cash or additional shares of stock.
121. Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA): An index of 30 large, publicly traded companies in the United States.
122. Earnings per share (EPS): The portion of a company’s profit allocated to each outstanding share of common stock.
123. Economic indicators: Data that provide insight into the overall health of an economy, such as unemployment rates, inflation, and GDP.Equity: The value of an asset after deducting the amount of any liabilities.
124. Exchange-traded fund (ETF): A type of investment fund that trades like a stock on an exchange.
125. Face value: The nominal value of a security, such as a bond or stock, as stated on the document.
126. Federal funds rate: The interest rate at which banks lend to each other overnight.
127. Financial leverage: The use of debt to increase the potential return on an investment.
128. Financial statement: A document that summarizes a company’s financial transactions, such as its income statement and balance sheet.
129. Fixed income: Investments that provide a fixed return, such as bonds.
130. Foreign exchange (Forex or FX): The market in which one currency is traded for another.
131. Futures contract: A financial contract that obligates the buyer to purchase an underlying asset at a specific price on a future date.
132. Goodwill: The intangible value of a business, such as its reputation or brand recognition.
133. Gross domestic product (GDP): The total value of goods and services produced in a country over a specified period of time.
134. Growth stock: Stock in a company that is expected to experience higher than average growth in earnings and revenue.
135. Hedge: An investment made to offset the potential losses of another investment.
136. Initial public offering (IPO): The first sale of stock by a private company to the public.
137. Inflation: An increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy.
138. Interest: The cost of borrowing money, usually expressed as a percentage of the principal amount.
139. Interest rate: The rate at which interest is charged on a loan or investment.
140. International Monetary Fund (IMF): An international organization that provides loans to countries experiencing financial difficulties.
141. Investment: The purchase of an asset
142. Junk bond: A high-yield, high-risk bond issued by a company with a low credit rating.Leverage: The use of borrowed funds to increase the potential return on an investment.
143. Liabilities: A company’s debts and other financial obligations.
144. Limit order: An order to buy or sell a security at a specified price or better.
145. Liquidity: The ease with which an asset can be converted into cash without affecting its market value.
146. Listed company: A company whose shares are traded on a stock exchange.
147. Loan: A sum of money borrowed by one party from another, typically with the understanding that it will be paid back with interest.
148. Margin: The amount of collateral that must be deposited with a broker to trade on margin.
149. Market capitalization: The total value of a company’s outstanding shares of stock.
150. Market order: An order to buy or sell a security at the current market price.
151. Money market: A market for short-term, low-risk debt securities.
152. Mutual fund: An investment vehicle that pools money from multiple investors to buy a portfolio of securities.
153. NASDAQ: An American stock exchange that specializes in technology and other growth-oriented companies.
154. Net income: The amount of money a company has earned after deducting all of its expenses.
155. Options contract: A financial contract that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a specific price on or before a specific date.
156. Over-the-counter (OTC) market: A decentralized market for securities that are not listed on a stock exchange.
157. P/E ratio: The ratio of a company’s stock price to its earnings per share.
158. Portfolio: A collection of investments held by an individual or organization.
159. Preferred stock: Stock in a company that typically pays a fixed dividend and has priority over common stock in the event of liquidation.
160. Price-to-book ratio (P/B ratio): The ratio of a company’s stock price to its book value per share.
161. Price-to-earnings growth (PEG) ratio: The ratio of a company’s P/E ratio to its earnings growth rate.
162. Primary market: The market for new securities, such as an initial public offering.
163. Principal: The amount of money borrowed or invested.
164. Profit margin: The percentage of a company’s revenue that is left over after deducting all of its expenses.
165. Prospectus: A document that provides information about a security being offered for sale.
166. Real estate investment trust (REIT): A type of investment company that owns and manages income-producing real estate.
167. Reserve requirement: The amount of funds that a bank is required to hold in reserve against deposits.
168. Return on equity (ROE): A measure of a company’s profitability, calculated by dividing its net income by its shareholder equity.
169. Revenue: The total amount of money a company generates from its sales or other activities.
170. Risk: The possibility of loss or failure.
171. Risk management: The process of identifying and minimizing risks.
172. Savings account: A deposit account at a bank or other financial institution that typically pays interest on the balance.
173. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC): A U.S. government agency that regulates securities markets.
174. Short selling: The sale of a security that the seller does not own, in the hope of buying it back at a lower price.
175. Standard & Poor’s 500 (S&P 500): An index of 500 large, publicly traded companies in the United States.
176. Stock: A security representing ownership in a company.
177. Stock split: A corporate action in which
178. Stop-loss order: An order to sell a security at a specified price or worse, to limit losses.
179. Swap: A financial contract that involves the exchange of cash flows between two parties.
180. Systematic risk: The risk of loss that is inherent in the entire market or a specific sector of the market.
181. T-bill: A short-term debt security issued by the U.S. government.
182. Technical analysis: The analysis of securities based on price and volume data.
183. Ticker symbol: A unique set of letters assigned to a publicly traded company.
184. Time horizon: The length of time an investor plans to hold an investment.
185. Total return: The total amount of return generated by an investment, including both capital gains and income.
186. Treasury bond: A long-term debt security issued by the U.S. government.
187. Treasury note: A medium-term debt security issued by the U.S. government.
188. Trust: A legal arrangement in which a trustee manages assets on behalf of a beneficiary.
189. Underlying asset: The asset on which a derivative contract is based.
190. Underwriting: The process by which an investment bank agrees to purchase all of the shares of a new issue of securities and then sells those shares to the public.
191. Uptick rule: A rule that requires short sales to be executed at a price higher than the previous trade.
192. Value investing: An investment strategy involves buying stocks undervalued by the market.
193. Venture capital: Capital invested in a startup company in exchange for an ownership stake.
194. Volatility: The degree to which the price of a security or market index fluctuates over time.
195. Yield: The income an investment generates, expressed as a percentage of its value.
196. Yield curve: A graph showing the relationship between debt securities’ yield and their time to maturity.
197. Zero-coupon bond: A bond that does not pay interest but is sold at a discount and pays a fixed amount at maturity.
198. Alpha: A measure of an investment’s performance relative to a benchmark.
199. Arbitrage: The practice of profiting from price discrepancies in different markets.
200. Asset allocation: The process of diversifying investments across different asset classes.

Bonus:

Asset-backed security: A security backed by a pool of underlying assets, such as mortgages or car loans.

Beta: A measure of a stock’s volatility relative to the overall market.

Blue chip stock: Stock in a well-established, financially stable company with a strong track record of earnings and dividend payments.